⚠ PRELIMINARY RESULTS — NOT FOR CITATION OR DISTRIBUTION ⚠
Analysis is ongoing and subject to revision. | Data: NIBRS 2021–2024 | N = 510,582 juvenile incidents

−4−2024Effect (pp)Hover over treated states (colored) for details | Gray = control states | NV faded = limited dataSeven states banned deceptive interrogation of juveniles (2022–2024). Color shows theestimated effect on case clearance rates (pp). Blue = positive, red-orange = negative.Key finding: The pooled national effect is indistinguishable from zero — these bans didnot reduce clearance rates on average. Effects range from +4.4 pp (Oregon) to −2.1 pp(Colorado), and this variation tracks how each state’s law was designed.N = 510,582 juvenile incidents | 7 treated states vs 44 controls | NIBRS 2021–2024Any Clearance
Select a State to Explore Its Results
Arrest clearanceEffect: 0.07 pp95% CI: [-1.29, 1.42]p = 0.924Exceptional clearanceEffect: -2.13 pp95% CI: [-2.73, -1.52]p = <0.001Any clearanceEffect: -2.06 pp95% CI: [-3.44, -0.68]p = 0.003−20ArrestExceptionalAny0510−4.5−4−3.5−3−2.5−2−1.5−1−0.50−20−100Aggravated assaultBurglaryKidnappingMotor vehicle theftMurderNegligent manslaughterRobberySex crimes
Effect (pp)Months after banEffect (pp)Effect (pp)Effect by OutcomeEffect Over TimeEffect by Offense Type⬇ Select a state from the dropdown aboveCO (Colorado)

⚠ Note on Nevada: NV’s ban took effect July 1, 2024 (~6 months of data). The lag plot shows an initial positive effect that reverses by month 4. NV estimates should be interpreted with caution.

State Law Details
Pooled Effect on Exceptional Clearance Subcategories

What this shows: Exceptional clearances are cases closed without an arrest — e.g., prosecution declined, victim refused to cooperate, or juvenile handled informally. Each dot shows the pooled average effect across all 7 states for that subcategory. Horizontal whiskers represent the pooled 95% confidence interval. Estimates whose CI does not cross zero are statistically significant.

−0.6−0.4−0.20Prosecution declinedVictim refused cooperationExtradition deniedJuvenile/no custodyDeath of offender
Pooled Effect (percentage points)Blue = positive (sig.) | Red-orange = negative (sig.) | Gray = not significant